趋化因子CCL8与肿瘤发生发展的研究进展

趋化因子CCL8是趋化因子CC家族中的一员，可以在炎症反应和肿瘤免疫等方面发挥重要作用。近来许多研究数据表明，CCL8与人类肿瘤的发生发展密切相关，它在肿瘤微环境中扮演了不可或缺的角色，一方面CCL8可以促进肿瘤细胞的浸润转移，另一方面又可以抑制肿瘤的发生发展。本文主要阐述了目前研究发现的CCL8在肿瘤中的作用，包括肿瘤的发生发展、浸润转移等，以上研究不仅可以帮助我们更加深入的了解肿瘤形成的机制，而且对于寻找更加有效的肿瘤新疗法有着重要的意义。     

Correction to: The IgG galactosylation ratio is higher in spondyloarthritis patients and associated with the MRI score

Clinical Rheumatology - In the original version of the above article the References 19 and 20 were incorrect which cannot describe the development of the SPARCC score.     

肌肉减少症的营养与运动干预研究进展

肌肉减少症是一种与年龄增长有关的渐进性、全身性的骨骼肌疾病，骨骼肌量减少、肌肉力量或肌肉功能减退是其主要表现，与虚弱、跌倒、功能衰退、死亡等风险增加有关。肌肉减少症在很大程度上归因于衰老，但也包括其他一些高危因素，如：肿瘤、骨关节炎、神经系统疾病、活动减少、营养摄入不足或吸收不良、与药物有关的厌食症、营养过剩或肥胖等。肌肉减少症诊断流程为FACS：风险筛查（Find）-评估（Assess）-确诊（Confirm）-严重程度判定（Severity）。营养和运动干预对防治肌肉减少症有显著的积极作用，可不同程度地改善骨骼肌质量、功能及平衡能力。充足的能量摄入，补充富含亮氨酸的蛋白质、维生素D、ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸、益生元、益生菌及与阻抗运动、有氧运动结合，可以延缓、改善甚至逆转肌肉减少症。本文综述肌肉减少症的定义、诊断、发病机制、营养及运动防治方案，以期加强临床医师对肌肉减少症的认识，为我国肌肉减少症的防治处方提供依据。     

Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated neuroprotective effects on the degenerative retina: the therapeutic potential of erythropoietin

Retinal degeneration (RD) results in photoreceptor loss and irreversible visual impairments. This study sought to alleviate the photoreceptor degeneration via the adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated erythropoietin (EPO) therapy. AAV-2/2-mCMV-EPO vectors were constructed and delivered into the subretinal space of a RD model. The retinal morphology, optokinetic behaviour and electrophysiological function of the treated animals were analysed. The subretinal delivery of AAV-2/2 vectors induced robust EPO gene expressions in the retinas. AAV2/2-mediated EPO therapy ameliorated the photoreceptor degeneration and visual impairments of the RD animal model. Furthermore, the multi-electrodes array (MEA) was used to detect the firing activities of retinal ganglion cells. MEA recording showed that the EPO therapy could restrain the spontaneous firing response, enhance the light-induced firing response and preserve the basic configurations of visual signal pathway in RD model. Our MEA assay provided an example to evaluate the potency of pharmacological compounds on retinal plasticity. In conclusion, AAV2/2-mediated EPO therapy can ameliorate the photoreceptor degeneration and rectify the abnormities in visual signal transmission. These beneficial results suggest the AAV vector is a viable therapeutic option for retinopathies with rapidly degenerating kinetics and lay the groundwork for future development of EPO gene therapy.     

Identification of driver genes and somatic mutations in cell-free DNA of patients with pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis

Next-generation sequencing of cell-free circulating DNA (cfDNA) has emerged as promising technique for identifying minimally invasive genomic profiling of tumor cells recently. However, it remains relatively unknown in LAM disease. In our study, paired cfDNA and genomic DNA (gDNA) in blood samples were obtained from 23 LAM patients and seven healthy controls to explore mutations profiles of targeted 70 cancer-related genes. As results, log2-based allele frequencies of mutations in cfDNA were significantly different from those of gDNA. By comparing the mutual mutations identified both in cfDNA and gDNA, a significant correlation was also observed. After removing mutations in gDNA, distinct somatic mutation profiles of cfDNA were observed in LAM patients. Forty of 70 targeted genes had recurrent mutations, of which ATM, BRCA2 and APC showed the highest frequency. Based on the mutation, correlation network constructed of 40 mutated genes, 11 hub genes bearing intensive interactions were highlighted, including BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD50, RB1, NF1, APC, MLH3, ATM, PDGFRA, PALB2 and BLM. Expression of the hub genes showed significant clusters between LAM patients and controls and that RAD50 and BRCA2 had the strongest associations with subject phenotypes. Myogenesis and estrogen response were confirmed to be positively regulated in LAM patients. Collectively, our study provided a landscape of genomic alterations in LAM and discovered several potential driver genes, that is, BRCA2 and RAD50, which shed a substantial light on the clinical application of key molecular markers and potential therapy targets for precision diagnosis and treatment in the future.     

GOLPH3蛋白在新疆哈萨克族食管鳞癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究GOLPH3蛋白在新疆哈萨克族（哈族）食管鳞癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法:本次研究选取50例术前未经放化疗干预且手术切除的新疆哈族食管鳞癌组织及50例哈族癌旁相对正常食管组织作为研究对象，截止日期为2018年6月，应用免疫组织化学技术，检测GOLPH3蛋白在哈族食管鳞癌组织及癌旁组织的表达特点及情况。结果:GOLPH3蛋白在哈族食管鳞癌组织的表达率为70.0%，高于癌旁正常组织28.0%，差异具有统计学意义(P=0.001)；低分化组阳性表达率82.9%高于高分化组40.0%，差异具有统计学意义(P=0.02)；淋巴结转移组阳性表达率85.3%高无淋巴结转移组37.5%，差异具有统计学意义(P=0.01)；临床分期在Ⅲ-Ⅳ组阳性表达率83.3%，高于Ⅰ-Ⅱ组的50.0%，差异具有统计学意义(P=0.012)；男性组中GOLPH3蛋白的表达阳性率为64.7%，女性组为81.3%，差异无统计学意义(P=0.234)；高龄组（≥60岁）GOLPH3蛋白的表达阳性率79.2%，低龄组（＜60岁）为61.5%，差异无统计学意义(P=0.174)。结论:GOLPH3蛋白的表达可能与哈族食管鳞癌的分化、增殖和转移等过程有关。     

电阻抗断层成像技术在儿科呼吸系统疾病诊治中的应用

电阻抗断层成像技术(electrical impedance tomography,EIT)作为一项新兴的功能性成像技术,具有无损伤、便携、图像监护等突出特点。肺功能成像是目前EIT最主要的应用领域,可以实现实时动态监测肺通气及血流灌注。本文对肺EIT在儿童呼吸系统疾病及其诊疗过程中的应用基础及临床研究进展进行总结,为未来EIT技术在儿科临床急救领域的推广应用提供帮助。